The bioprinting industry divides into three rough groups: companies that build the machines, companies that supply the materials, and companies developing actual tissue products. Many do two of the three. Below are twenty-four organisations working in the field, with what each is known for.
This directory is independent and unpaid. Links go to each company's own site and are
marked nofollow. Ownership in this sector changes frequently through
acquisition — if something here is out of date,
tell us and we will correct it.
Printer and platform makers
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CELLINK
Launched what it billed as the first commercially available universal bioink in 2016 and built the widely used BIO X printer line. Its arrival did more than most single developments to make bioprinting reproducible between laboratories.
cellink.com → -
REGENHU
One of the longer-established bioprinter manufacturers, known for the 3DDiscovery and R-GEN benchtop systems that support several deposition methods in a single machine.
regenhu.com → -
EnvisionTEC / ETEC
Its 3D-Bioplotter is among the longest-running bioprinting platforms in continuous use, dating back to work begun in the late 1990s. Acquired by Desktop Metal in 2021 and rebranded ETEC.
etec.desktopmetal.com → -
Advanced Solutions Life Sciences
Builds the BioAssemblyBot, a six-axis robotic-arm bioprinter, paired with its TSIM design software — an unusual approach that treats bioprinting as a robotics problem rather than a gantry problem.
advancedsolutions.com → -
Allevi
Made affordable desktop bioprinters that put the technology within reach of ordinary university laboratories, and did a great deal to widen the field's user base.
allevi3d.com → -
Brinter
Modular multi-material platform aimed at both tissue engineering and pharmaceutical applications, with interchangeable print heads for different deposition methods.
brinter.com → -
REGEMAT 3D
Customisable bioprinters plus its own tissue-engineering programmes, with a particular focus on cartilage regeneration.
regemat3d.com → -
Cyfuse Biomedical
Its Regenova system uses the distinctive scaffold-free "Kenzan" method: cell spheroids are skewered onto a fine needle array in a programmed arrangement and allowed to fuse, with no bioink at all.
cyfusebio.com → -
Poietis
Built its platform around laser-assisted bioprinting, which allows near single-cell placement without a nozzle. Its most advanced work is in printed skin.
poietis.com → -
3D Bioprinting Solutions
Best known for magnetic bioprinting in microgravity: its Organ.Aut device was operated aboard the International Space Station, where the absence of gravity allows constructs to be assembled without a supporting scaffold.
bioprinting.ru → -
n3D Biosciences
Developed magnetic 3D bioprinting and levitation, in which cells are tagged with magnetic nanoparticles and assembled by magnetic fields rather than deposited by a nozzle.
n3dbio.com → -
Digilab
Long-standing life-science instrument maker whose CellJet cell printer sits alongside a broader range of biological sample-preparation equipment.
digilabglobal.com →
Tissue and therapy developers
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Organovo
The industry's pioneer. Launched exVive3D bioprinted human liver tissue in 2014, the first commercially sold bioprinted tissue, and demonstrated that printed constructs could be manufactured reproducibly enough for pharmaceutical customers.
organovo.com → -
Aspect Biosystems
Its microfluidic Lab-on-a-Printer platform forms bioink fibres inside the print head itself, allowing composition to change on the fly mid-print. Focused on bioprinted tissue therapeutics, and has entered large partnerships with pharmaceutical companies on metabolic disease.
aspectbiosystems.com → -
Cellbricks
Uses light-based, stereolithographic printing to build implantable tissue, with work directed at replacing organ function rather than at research models.
cellbricks.com → -
Pandorum Technologies
Developing bioengineered corneal tissue and liquid cornea products for corneal damage, alongside liver tissue programmes.
pandorum.com → -
Precise Bio
Works on ocular tissue, with corneal grafts as the lead programme, using a four-dimensional bioprinting approach in which printed constructs change shape or property over time.
precise-bio.com → -
ROKIT Healthcare
Its Dr. INVIVO platform is aimed at autologous regenerative medicine using a patient's own tissue, with diabetic foot ulcers and cartilage among the clinical targets.
rokithealthcare.com → -
Tevido BioDevices
Focused on printed skin constructs containing melanocytes, with vitiligo and grafts that pigment to match surrounding skin as the target application.
tevidobiodevices.com → -
Modern Meadow
Applies biofabrication outside medicine, developing bio-based materials as alternatives to animal leather — a reminder that the underlying techniques are not confined to healthcare.
modernmeadow.com →
Scaffolds, implants and medical 3D printing
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Materialise
A major force in medical 3D printing rather than bioprinting proper: software for converting medical scans into printable models, patient-specific surgical guides and anatomical models used for operative planning.
materialise.com → -
Tissue Regeneration Systems
Resorbable, patient-specific bone implants printed from a patient's own CT scan. The scaffold supports the defect while native bone grows in, then gradually degrades.
tissuesys.com → -
Nanofiber Solutions
Electrospun nanofibre scaffolds that mimic the architecture of native extracellular matrix, used for tissue repair and as substrates for cell culture.
nanofibersolutions.com → -
Medprin
Best known for ReDura, an electrospun regenerative dura mater substitute used in neurosurgery — one of the more widely deployed regenerative products from this group of companies.
medprin.com →
How to read this industry
Three patterns are worth noticing when assessing any company here.
Revenue today comes from tools and models, not therapies. Printer makers and bioink suppliers sell to laboratories. Tissue companies mostly sell testing services to pharmaceutical firms. Almost nobody is selling an implantable printed tissue at scale, which means the sector is largely funded by research budgets rather than by healthcare payers.
Consolidation is constant. Allevi, EnvisionTEC and n3D Biosciences have all been acquired. Expect ownership to keep changing.
Clinical programmes are narrow by design. The companies closest to patients are working on cartilage, skin, cornea and islets — thin or avascular tissue. That is not a lack of ambition; it is where the biology currently allows progress.
Related
- Printed organsWhat these companies are working towards
- BioinksThe materials they sell
- Printing methodsThe technology behind each platform
- TimelineWhen each company appeared
Last reviewed . Educational information only — not medical advice.